TOKYO • Japanese fashion designer Kansai Yamamoto, considered a pioneer of the country's industry and known for his work with rock star David Bowie, has died of leukaemia aged 76, his daughter announced on Monday.

"He left this world peacefully, surrounded by loved ones," actress Mirai Yamamoto announced on Instagram. "In my eyes, my father was not only the electric and energetic soul that the world knew him as, but someone who was also thoughtful, kind-hearted, and affectionate."

Yamamoto was known for creating bold avant-garde pieces that defied gender norms and featured brilliant colours and patterns.

He leapt to prominence with international shows from the 1970s onwards and won popular acclaim for his collaboration with Bowie, producing a series of outfits for the singer's Ziggy Stardust alter ego.

"I found David's aesthetic and interest in transcending gender boundaries shockingly beautiful," he told website The Cut in 2018.

His vivid work also won fans among other legendary performers, including singers Elton John and Stevie Wonder, and his experience with costume design led him to stage performances that involved close interactions with the audience.

His so-called super-shows were staged around the world, with the 1993 Hello!! Russia edition, held in Moscow's Red Square, drawing 120,000 spectators.

Yamamoto's designs often incorporated elements from Japanese culture and he famously dressed Bowie in a cape covered in Japanese kanji characters.

His eye-catching designs, replete with saturated colours and striking motifs, set him apart from many of Japan's more minimalist fashion icons.

Yamamoto said that his work was rooted in a different but no less Japanese sensibility - the bold and unconventional aesthetics of Japanese mediaeval warlords.

Yamamoto's exuberant clothes and cheerful personality were belied by a darkness that stemmed from a difficult childhood.

His parents divorced when he was seven and he was sent to a children's home hundreds of kilometres away. He travelled with his two younger brothers - aged five and three - from Yokohama, next to Tokyo, to the far-flung south-western province of Kochi.

"How much I envied the lights of happy families that I saw from the window of the slow train at dusk. It was lonely and I still can't forget that," he said.

And while he was an instant success when he first presented his clothes in London in 1971, he faced a harsh reception initially in Paris, something he worked hard to overcome.

The key, Yamamoto said, was to "keep up the spirit of challenge".

It was a mantra he lived by throughout his life and, in 2018, he declared his ambition to make it to the North Pole, a dream that was dashed by his leukaemia diagnosis.

"No life is ever full of good things," he said in 2017. "I've had a lot of hard times. But because there are hardships, the joy that comes from overcoming them is also great."

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE