PARIS - From brick-sized handsets popular with stockbrokers to intensely powerful computers that sit in all our pockets today, mobile phones have been forged by a half-century of innovation.

1973: Hello, moto

On April 3, 1973, an engineer at the US telecommunications company Motorola makes the first call from a mobile device, dubbed DynaTAC.

Mr Martin Cooper calls Mr Joel Engel, a competitor working for Bell Labs, from 6th Avenue in New York. But it takes a further 10 years for the first mobile phone to be marketed.

In 1983, Motorola starts selling the DynaTAC 8000X in the United States for a cool US$3,995 (S$5,300).

Nicknamed the brick, it weighs just shy of a kilogram and measures 33cm.

1992: ‘Merry Christmas’

On Dec 3, 1992, Mr Richard Jarvis, an employee at British telecommunications company Vodafone, receives the first text message. His computer wishes him “Merry Christmas”.

The message would sell at auction in the form of a non-fungible token, or NFT, in 2021 for US$150,000.

1997: Finn-ovation

Finnish brand Nokia begins a string of innovations that pushes the boundaries of mobile phones.

In 1997, its 6110 model introduces mobile games to the masses with Snake.

Two years later, the 7110 is the first phone to use wireless networks for browsing, and the same year the 3210 brings predictive writing to the world.

In 2003, Nokia launches its affordable, robust 1100 model, targeting developing countries.

It shifts 250 million units, making it the best-selling phone in history.

2001: 3G in Japan

In 2001, Japan is the first country to benefit from a 3G mobile network, allowing high-speed Internet access.

It comes hot on the heels of other Japanese innovations, including a phone with video-calling capabilities, the Kyocera VP-210 in 1999, and a year later the Sharp SH04, the first with a built-in back camera.

2007: First iPhone

“Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone,” says Mr Steve Jobs as he presents the iPhone to an adoring crowd in 2007.

He promises an iPod, a phone and an “Internet communicator” all in one device, which eventually retails for between US$499 and US$599.

The App Store is introduced in 2008.

The same year, the HTC Dream is the first smartphone released with Google’s Android operating system.

2009: Rise of the messenger

WhatsApp launches in 2009 and is quickly followed by many other messenger apps – Viber, WeChat, Telegram, Signal.

These apps, which use the Internet rather than traditional networks, become more popular than SMS in 2012.

Stockholm is the first city to offer users very high-speed 4G coverage in 2009.

2011: ‘Emoji’ fever

Siri arrives in 2011, allowing users of Apple’s iPhone 4S to send messages, set appointments, make calls or even search the Internet by simply asking their phone.

Google and Amazon develop competing voice assistants in the years after.

In the same year, “emoji” fever seizes the planet when the tiny faces, sketched in 1999 by Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita, are integrated into the character library of the iPhone.

2019: 5G, foldables

On April 5, 2019, South Korea becomes the first country covered by 5G, with the promise of even faster navigation.

In the same year, South Korean company Samsung and China’s Huawei are the first major manufacturers to release foldable screen smartphones, the Galaxy Fold and the Mate X. AFP