ORENBURG, Russia – Floods engulfed cities and towns across Russia and Kazakhstan on April 10 after Europe’s third-longest river burst its banks, forcing about 110,000 people to evacuate and swamping parts of the Russian city of Orenburg.

The deluge of melt water overwhelmed scores of settlements in Russia’s Ural Mountains, Siberia, Volga and areas of Kazakhstan after major rivers such as the Ural River – which flows into the Caspian Sea – rose more than 70cm beyond its bursting point to over 10m.

In Orenburg – a city with a population of 550,000 about 1,200km east of Moscow – hundreds of homes were flooded and at least 7,700 people were evacuated as the Ural River rose swiftly beyond critical levels.

Whole areas of the city were under water. Residents in Orenburg paddled along roads that now resembled rivers, and waters lapped at the windows of traditional wooden houses.

In Kurgan, a region which straddles the Tobol river, 4,500 people were evacuated and fears grew that thousands - or even tens of thousands - more would need to evacuate.

“The forecast is unfavourable,” Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters. “The water level continues to rise in flood zones, large amounts of water are coming to new regions.”

The flood situation was acute in parts of Western Siberia, the largest hydrocarbon basin in the world, where the peak is expected in three to five days, and some areas around the Volga, Europe’s largest river, the Emergencies Ministry said.

Residents in Orenburg said it was the worst flooding in living memory, while Russian officials said it was the worst flooding in the area since records began.

The Kazakhstan authorities said more than 97,000 people had been evacuated.

Russia said 10,500 houses were flooded across 37 regions, mostly in the Orenburg region.

Upstream on the Ural, which flows into Kazakhstan, flood waters burst through an embankment dam in the city of Orsk on April 5.

In Kazakhstan, people worked through the night to build up dykes and strengthen embankments.

A state of emergency remained in effect in 8 of the country’s 17 provinces, down from 10 at the end of last week.

Unverified footage from the Aktobe region of northern Kazakhstan, through which the Ilek, a tributary of the Ural, flows, showed dead cattle, settlements covered in silt, with scores of mud-brick houses and embankments collapsed.

Pope Francis expressed his sympathy for the victims of the floods.

“I also want to convey to the people of Kazakhstan my spiritual closeness at this time, when a massive flood has affected many regions of the country and caused the evacuation of thousands of people from their homes,” he said during his April 10 weekly audience in St Peter’s Square.

“I invite everyone to pray for all those who are suffering the effects of this natural disaster.” 

Spring flooding is a part of life across Russia as the harsh winter snows melt, swelling some of the mighty rivers of Russia and Central Asia. But in 2024 a combination of factors triggered unusually severe flooding.

Russian emergency officials said the soil was waterlogged before winter, and then was frozen under very high snow falls, which then melted very fast in swiftly rising spring temperatures and heavy rains.

One Russian official, presidential plenipotentiary in the Urals region Vladimir Yakushev, was quoted by Russian media as suggesting that Kazakhstan was to blame for not coordinating the discharge of water more effectively.

Kazakh officials have said much of the water was coming from Russia; there are rivers flowing in both directions between the two countries, which share the world’s longest land border.

Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke to Kazakhstan President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev about the floods on April 9.

The Kremlin said the worst was still to come for the Siberian region of Tyumen and the Urals region of Kurgan.

The Kremlin said Mr Putin was getting updates on the situation but had no immediate plans to visit the flood zone.

Sirens in Kurgan, a city on the Tobol River – a tributary of the Irtysh River – were sounded to warn people to evacuate immediately.

Kurgan Governor Vadim Shumkov said that if the Tobol rose in the city to 9m, then 17,800 people would have to be evacuated but that if it rose to 14m then the figure rose to 280,000 people.

The river is currently at about 9.5m in Zverinogolovkoye, which is about 100 km away, the local administration said. REUTERS