Shark bites and deaths up even as species faces crisis: Study

Shark encounters are often a consequence of people spending more time in the water. PHOTO: UNSPLASH

WASHINGTON – Shark bites and fatalities ticked up worldwide in 2023, with Australia accounting for a disproportionate number of deaths resulting from heightened contact with humans, even as the ancient predators face a wider extinction crisis.

There were 69 unprovoked attacks in 2023, up slightly from 63 in 2022, and 10 deaths, which is double the year before and a 12-year-high, according to the International Shark Attack File, an annual global report published on Feb 5 by the University of Florida.

Dr Gavin Naylor, director of the Florida Programme for Shark Research at the Florida Museum of Natural History who co-authored the study, told AFP that the uptick did not mean sharks were becoming more numerous or fierce.

Three of the deaths happened off the coast of southern Australia in a region called the Eyre Peninsula, where a rebounding seal population has brought great whites into closer proximity to surfers in a remote region.

“If you get nobbled by a white shark, you’re probably not going to have all of the helicopters being able to be there within five minutes and stretchers and all the medical infrastructure,” Dr Naylor said.

In all, Australia saw four deaths, followed by two in the United States, and one each in the Bahamas, Egypt, Mexico and New Caledonia.

The US saw 36 unprovoked attacks – just over half of the total number worldwide. Most of these were “test” bites, when a shark mistakes a human for prey.

“Provoking” a shark was defined as intentionally approaching one or swimming in an area where bait was used to lure fish – and such incidents were not included in the study’s headline figures.

Data was collected through media reports, then independently validated by Dr Naylor and his co-author, Mr Joe Miguez.

“Globally, shark numbers are down,” said Dr Naylor, with a broad trend of sharks moving closer to coastal waters as overfishing causes the collapse of fish stocks in the ocean.

A study in Nature in 2021 found the global abundance of oceanic shark and rays down 71 per cent since 1970.

This in turn led to a disconnect between what scientists are reporting globally, and coastal fishermen say locally about increased encounters, said Dr Naylor.

What is more, shark encounters are often a consequence of people spending more time in the water, with bites spiking during the summer of the northern and southern hemispheres.

Improving water quality off the coast of New York had, for example, attracted more fish, which in turn brought more sand tiger sharks.

Last summer, several people were bitten off Long Island, forcing increased shark patrols.

Increasing heat meanwhile was driving shark species to pursue prey in new waters.

“Coral trout are supposed to be on the Barrier Reef, we see them in Tasmania, which is super cold water,” said Dr Naylor, adding that “predators follow the food”.

Practical advice to avoid sharks varies from place to place, he said, and people should do local research.

For instance, off the coast of Florida, wearing jewellery that reflects light can look like fish scales and attract black tip sharks. People should also get out of the water if they see schools of bait fish. AFP

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